The U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) is one of the largest character development and citizenship programs for youth in the world. As congressionally mandated by Title 10 United States Code, Section 2031, each military service must have a JROTC program to "instill in students in United States secondary educational institutions the values of citizenship, service to the United States, and personal responsibility and a sense of accomplishment." JROTC's Mission: "To Motivate Young People to be Better Citizens" is the guidepost for the program's success.

The U.S. Army's JROTC program currently operates in more than 1,700 public and private high schools, military institutions, and correctional centers throughout the United States and overseas. Approximately 40% of JROTC programs are in inner city schools, serving a student population of 50% minorities. As JROTC students (Cadets) progress through the program, they experience opportunities to lead other Cadets. A major component of the JROTC leadership and citizenship program is female Cadets. Female Cadets make up 40% of the Cadet population. The JROTC faculty is led by nearly 4,000 instructors who are retired from active duty, reserve duty, or National Guard Army service. Instructors are trained and qualified in accordance with the National Defense Authorization Act 2007 to teach and mentor approximately 314,000 JROTC Cadets annually.

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Since its inception in 1916, the JROTC program has been viewed as a strong program that provides youth with much-needed skills in citizenship and leadership. Additionally, numerous studies have shown that students who participate in JROTC programs have better attendance, grades, and graduation rates relative to students who were in general academic programs. Principals and school administrators also maintain positive attitudes toward JROTC because of these programs:

• Motivate students to learn.
• Foster a disciplined and constructive learning environment.
• Instill essential skills like time organization, responsibility, goal setting, and teamwork.

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The NJROTC program was established by Public Law in 1964, which may be found in Title 10 U.S. Code, Chapter 102. The program is conducted at accredited secondary schools throughout the nation, and taught by instructors who are retired Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard officers and enlisted personnel. ("Gray" area reservists and medically retired personnel may also be eligible to instruct in the program; see Instructor Application Process) The NJROTC accredited curriculum emphasizes citizenship and leadership development, as well as our maritime heritage, the significance of sea power, and naval topics such as the fundamentals of naval operations, seamanship, navigation, and meteorology. Classroom instruction is augmented throughout the year by extra-curricular activities of community service, academic, athletic, drill and orienteering competitions, field meets, flights, visits to naval or other activities, marksmanship sports training, and physical fitness training. Electronic classroom equipment, textbooks, uniforms, educational training aids, travel allowance, and a cost-share of instructors' salaries are provided by the Navy.

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The mission of Air Force Junior ROTC is to "Develop citizens of character dedicated to serving their nation and community." Air Force Junior ROTC is not a USAF accessions program, and cadets are never under any obligation to join the military. Air Force Junior ROTC is a Title 10 US Code mandated citizenship training program that is designed to educate and train high school cadets in citizenship, promote community service, and instill personal responsibility, character, and self-discipline. The program achieves this through classroom education in air and space fundamentals and hands on learning opportunities in a number of fun and challenging extra-curricular activities.

The Air Force Junior ROTC program is grounded in the Air Force core values of "integrity first, service before self, and excellence in all we do."

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While the Navy has Junior Reserve Officer Training Courses (JROTC) at many high schools throughout the nation, taught by instructors who are retired Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard officers and enlisted personnel, the Coast Guard only has one - located at MAST Academy in Miami, Florida.

Established in September 1991, MAST Academy is the only maritime and science technology magnet high school in the Miami-Dade County Public School system. The school graduated its 26th senior class in 2019. The school is staffed by a principal, two assistant principals, one lead teacher, and 84 full and part-time faculty members of whom approximately 84 percent have a master's degree or higher. The senior class of 2020 consists of 224 seniors.

MAST has 1534 students in grades 6-12. Students graduate with a full range of honors, AP, Cambridge (AICE) and Dual Enrollment courses. The school includes two large classroom buildings, a pool, boathouse, docks, fitness center, and a media center with over 22,000 print and non-print items. Students have immediate access to technology throughout the school.

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